欧洲文化入门（3） :: Enoch

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Enoch I am Enoch,Hehe 发表评论 欧洲文化入门（3） 时间：2004-07-28 6.启蒙运动 the age of reason 18th century intellectual movement starting from France the most important forerunners of the enlightenment were two 17th century Englishmen John Locke and Issac Newton.Locke’s materialist theory and Newton’s theory of gravitation Major force of the enlightenment is French Philosophes 18世纪两大著名运动： The American War of Independence（1776）ended British colonial rule over the U.S. 独立宣言 The French Revolution（1789）ended the French Monarchy and the first French Republic was born in 1792 人权宣言 French Philosophy and Literature Montesquieu Separation of powers 法国启蒙运动的先驱 Voltaire most famous of his novels Rousseau one of the greatest figures of French enlightenment Diderot <Elements of Physiology生理学> English Literature Pope spokesman in verse of the Age of Reason, translation of Homer, good at heroic couplet 擅长英雄双韵体 Defoe one of the greatest fiction writer of the 18th century England 鲁滨逊漂流记 Swift the foremost satirist in the English language and one of the satiric masters of all time <Gulliver’ travels> Henry Fielding Father of the English novel Samuel Richardson The founder of English domestic novel Samuel Johnson editor of 18世纪英国文学最著名的期刊 The Tatler 和 The Spectator, Addison 和 Steele经常在上面写文章 German Literature and Philosophy Lessing German dramastist German classicism Goethe <Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship/Travels> the Greatest German Poets Schiller a founder of modern German literature Kant Waterhead of modern philosophy Propose the nebular hypothesis The Musical Enlightenment J.　S.　Bach Christianity　Major musicians of the musical Enlightenment Handel 亨德尔　 being his crowning masterpiece Bach and Handel showed the world Baroque musical architecture at its imposing best The Baroque period was followed by the Classical Period, roughly between 1750 and 1820 Haydn Classical period Viennese school Mozart Beethoven occupy a Pivotal position, leaning in much of his work towards the Romantic Movement in Music 7. 浪漫主义 Romanticism late 18th and early 19th century starting from the ideas of Rouseau in France and from the Storm and Stress Movement in Germany The enlightenment brought about two revolutions and they caused Romanticism to rise: the French Revolution and the Industrial revolution New economic ideas were put forward by Adam Smith in his book , which laid the theoretical groundwork for capitalism. Romanticism in Germany The Storm and Stress Movement prepared the way for European Romanticism Goethe combined Romanticism with Classicism It was Love and Intrigue that made Schiller the best dramatist for the Storm and Stress The Jena School: Schlegel Brothers, Novalis and Tieck Heine: 海涅在1836年发表＜＜论浪漫派＞＞，宣告浪漫主义在德国文学中的统治地位的结束 Romanticism in England Blake: The Lakers: Wordsworth and Coleridge Byron: is considered his masterpiece the fact that the poet died for the Greek causes made him more respected his poem expressed an ardent love of liberty and a fierce hatred of tyranny Shelley noted for his lyrics Keats famous for his sonnets Walter Scott Romanticism in France Chateaubriand : Victor Hugo: 法国浪漫主义文学的最重要的作家。他于1827年发表的是法国浪漫主义运动的一篇重要宣言。他的长篇小说 巴黎圣母院　悲惨世界宣 扬了“爱”与“仁慈”等人道主义精神。The greatest poet of his day George Sand:法国浪漫主义文学最杰出的女作家 Romanticism in Italy Manzoni: 约婚夫妇是意大利文学史上第一部以爱压迫的劳动人 民为主人公的小说 Leopardi: he was the greatest poet of Italy Romanticism Romanticism in Russia Russia Romanticism began that way-adapting French plays and translating German and English poetry Pushkin: 俄国浪漫主义先锋(van) a Byronic character his masterpiece is 创造了俄国文学中 的第一个“多余的人“的典型 Lermontov: draws a fine portrait of Pushkin Romanticism in Poland Adam Mickiewicz: beginning of Polish Romanticism is his masterpiece Art and Architecture Goya Spanish painter and etcher(蚀刻家)欧洲浪漫主义先驱 David French Painter Delacroix 代表着法国浪漫主义绘画 的最高成就 Gericault French painter Turner English landscape painter Constable English landscape painter Turner and Constable代表了浪漫主义画派的最高成就 Music 早期浪漫主义音乐家： Beethoven(贝多芬) German Composer <Symphony No. 6 (Pastoral> marked the beginning of 19th century programme music Schubert（舒伯特）Austrian composer Chopin（肖邦）Polish composer Schumann(舒曼)　German composer Mendelssohn（门德尔松）German composer 后期浪漫主义音乐家： Berlioz（伯辽兹）French composer Liszt（里斯特）Hungarian composer Wagner（瓦格纳）German composer Brahms（伯拉姆斯）German composer Tchaikovsky（柴科夫斯基）Russian composer Enoch 发表于 2004-07-28 22:43 引用Trackback(0) | 编辑 评论： <<<欧洲文化入门（2） | 首页 | 手工创建数据库的全部脚本及说明>>>