海边的贝壳

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海边的贝壳 收集精华文章，记录所思所想…… <<<祖冲之资料 | 首页 | 维客:知识共享者与第二个博客>>> 瓦尔登湖（三五） mountain @ 2003-12-01 As this business was to be entered into without the usual capital, it may not be easy to conjecture where those means, that will still be indispensable to every such undertaking, were to be obtained. As for Clothing, to come at once to the practical part of the question, perhaps we are led oftener by the love of novelty and a regard for the opinions of men, in procuring it, than by a true utility. Let him who has work to do recollect that the object of clothing is, first, to retain the vital heat, and secondly, in this state of society, to cover nakedness, and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. Kings and queens who wear a suit but once, though made by some tailor or dressmaker to their majesties, cannot know the comfort of wearing a suit that fits. They are no better than wooden horses to hang the clean clothes on. Every day our garments become more assimilated to ourselves, receiving the impress of the wearer's character, until we hesitate to lay them aside without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. No man ever stood the lower in my estimation for having a patch in his clothes; yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched clothes, than to have a sound conscience. But even if the rent is not mended, perhaps the worst vice betrayed is improvidence. I sometimes try my acquaintances by such tests as this―Who could wear a patch, or two extra seams only, over the knee? Most behave as if they believed that their prospects for life would be ruined if they should do it. It would be easier for them to hobble to town with a broken leg than with a broken pantaloon. Often if an accident happens to a gentleman's legs, they can be mended; but if a similar accident happens to the legs of his pantaloons, there is no help for it; for he considers, not what is truly respectable, but what is respected. We know but few men, a great many coats and breeches. Dress a scarecrow in your last shift, you standing shiftless by, who would not soonest salute the scarecrow? Passing a cornfield the other day, close by a hat and coat on a stake, I recognized the owner of the farm. He was only a little more weather-beaten than when I saw him last. I have heard of a dog that barked at every stranger who approached his master's premises with clothes on, but was easily quieted by a naked thief. It is an interesting question how far men would retain their relative rank if they were divested of their clothes. Could you, in such a case, tell surely of any company of civilized men which belonged to the most respected class? When Madam Pfeiffer, in her adventurous travels round the world, from east to west, had got so near home as Asiatic Russia, she says that she felt the necessity of wearing other than a travelling dress, when she went to meet the authorities, for she "was now in a civilized country, where ... people are judged of by their clothes." Even in our democratic New England towns the accidental possession of wealth, and its manifestation in dress and equipage alone, obtain for the possessor almost universal respect. But they who yield such respect, numerous as they are, are so far heathen, and need to have a missionary sent to them. Beside, clothes introduced sewing, a kind of work which you may call endless; a woman's dress, at least, is never done. 鉴于我这行业是没有通常的经费先行交易的，所以我从什么地方得到凡是这样的行业都不能缺少的东西呢，也许不容易揣测吧。让我们立刻说到实际问题上来，先说衣服，我们采购衣服，常常是由爱好新奇的心理所引导的，并且关心别人对它的部意见，而不大考虑这些衣服的真实用处。让那些有工作做的人记着穿衣服的目标，第一是保持养身的体温，第二是为了在目前的社会中要把赤身露体来遮盖；现在，他可以判断一下，有多少必需的重要工作可以完成，而不必在衣橱中增添什么衣服。国王和王后的每一件衣服都只穿一次，虽然有御裁缝专司其事，他们却不知道穿上合身衣服的愉快。他们不过是挂干净衣服的木架。而我们的衣服，却一天天地跟我们同化了，印上了穿衣人的性格，直到我们舍不得把它们丢掉，要丢掉它们，正如抛弃我们的躯体那样，总不免感到恋恋不舍，要看病吃药作些补救，而且带着十分沉重的心情。其实没有人穿了有补钉的衣服而在我的眼里降低了身份；但我很明白，一般人心里，为了衣服忧思真多，衣服要穿得入时，至少也要清洁，而且不能有补钉，至于他们有无健全的良心，从不在乎。其实，即使衣服破了不补，所暴露的最大缺点也不过是不考虑小洞之会变成大洞。有时我用这样的方法来测定我的朋友们，――谁肯把膝盖以上有补钉的，或者只是多了两条缝的衣服，穿在身上？大多数人都好像认为，如果他们这样做了，从此就毁了终身。宁可跛了一条腿进城，他们也不肯穿着破裤子去。一位绅士有腿伤，是很平常的事，这是有办法补救的；如果裤脚管破了，却无法补救；因为人们关心的并不是真正应该敬重的东西，只是关心那些受人尊敬的东西。我们认识的人很少，我们认识的衣服和裤子却怪多。你给稻草人穿上你最后一件衣服，你自己不穿衣服站在旁边，哪一个经过的人不马上就向稻草人致敬呢？那天，我经过一片玉米田，就在那头戴帽子、身穿上衣的木桩旁边，我认出了那个农田主人。他比我上一回看见他，只不过风吹雨打更显得憔悴了一些。我听说过，一条狗向所有穿了衣服走到它主人的地方来的人吠叫，却很容易被一个裸体的窃贼制服，一声不响。这是一个有趣的问题啊，没有衣服的话，人们将能多大地保持他们的身份？没有了衣服的话，你能不能在任何一群文明人中间，肯定地指出谁个最尊贵？斐斐夫人在她周游世界，从东到西的旅行中，当她非常地接近了亚洲的俄罗斯，要去谒见当地长官的时候，她说，她觉得不能再穿旅行服装了，因为她“现在是在一个文明国家里面，那里的人民是根据衣服来评价人的”。即使在我们这号称民主的新英格兰城中，只要有钱穿得讲究住得阔绰，具有了那种偶然的因素，他就受尽了众人的敬仰。可是，这些敬仰着的众人，人数真多，都是异教徒，所以应该派遣一个传教士前去。话说回来，衣服是要缝纫的，缝纫可是一种所谓无穷无尽的工作；至少，一个女人的衣服是从没有完工的一天的。 生词：conjecture, procure, wardrobe, recollect, assimilate, solemnity, conscience, vice, improvidence, acquaintance, seam, pantaloon, scarecrow, cornfield, divest. 注意： rent还有裂缝的含义。 betray还有“露出...迹象”的含义。 the other day 那天。 理解不足： 好些句子读不懂，跟不上作者的思路。 We know but few men, a great many coats and breeches. 我们认识的人很少，我们认识的衣服和裤子却怪多。 引用(0) 评论 XML 维基百科 发表评论 最后更新 求伯君长青 2003年中文读书论坛回顾 大事不着急 WIKI呼唤网络时代的共创分享 网上免费百科大全，人人都可参加编写 维客:知识共享者与第二个博客 维基百科：分享天下知识 知识狂欢时代的自由百科 我也来写百科全书―妙趣横生的Wikipedia网站 Wikipedia揭示知识协作的新里程碑 <<<祖冲之资料 | 首页 | 维客:知识共享者与第二个博客>>>